Fengtian Clique

The Fengtian Clique, officially the Fengtian Provincial Government, is an integrated regime in the Qing Empire and a warlord state in China.

Establishment
Following the ousting of the Xuantong Emperor in 1912, the Fengtian provinces under Zhang Zuolin ceded from the ensuring strife in the nascent Republic. With the beginning of the Warlord Era in the aftermath of the Duan Qirui government and the fall of Yuan Shikai's empire, Zhang's forces moved to establish dominance over the whole of Manchuria. However, despite the best efforts of Zhang Zuolin, the Fengtian Clique could not gain international recognition by any of the Western Powers.

Restoration of the Qing
After the failed 1917 monarchist coup, Zhang Zuolin met with members of the Zongshedang including Zhang Xun. Upon being informed by the monarchists that if the Fengtian Clique supported the coup attempt they would be granted a key place in the new government, Zhang agreed. After the second coup against the Duan Qirui Republic succeeded, Zhang Zuolin and Zhang Xun jointly proclaimed the restoration of the Qing Empire. As part of the agreement, the Fengtian government merged its territory with the Beijing and Rehe provincial regions.

Politics
The Fengtian Clique, while integrated into the Qing Empire, still has its own political parties. Major parties in the Fengtian Clique include:


 * Northeastern Army-
 * The military wing of the Fengtian Clique, the Northeastern Army is both an army and a political clique in the Qing Empire. As the De Facto military of the Qing Empire, it exudes vast political sway over the Qing court and is headed by Zhang Xueliang, the son of Zhang Zuolin.


 * Xiehehui-
 * Formed in early 1932, the Xiehehui or Concordia Association is a Japanese aligned political party favouring a Pan-Asianist state and the establishment of a new Manchurian nation. It is led by Zhang Jinghui, a noted Japanese sympathiser.


 * Zhang Party-
 * Not a party so much as a collective of oligarchs, generals and public officials that function in the Fengtian government. The Zhang Party aims to remain as the De Facto leader of the Qing Empire for as long as possible. It is led by Zhang Zuolin, the leader of the Fengtian Clique.

Military
The Fengtian Clique's armed forces is the Northeastern Army. The Northeastern Army is integrated into the Qing Imperial Army but commands a degree of autonomy. It's main generals include:


 * Zhang Zuolin


 * Zhang Xueliang


 * Zhang Xueming


 * Zhang Jinghui


 * Zhang Haipeng


 * Yang Yutang

Foreign Relations
The Fengtian Clique has-


 * Hostile relations with the following nations:


 * Republic of China- The Fengtian Clique fails to recognise the government of Chiang Kai-shek.


 * Bogd Khanate of Mongolia- The Fengtian Clique strongly contests the Mongol claim on the Inner Xing'an region.


 * State of Manchuria- The Fengtian Clique opposes the Japanese established State of Manchuria, with both sides claiming the other's territory.


 * Friendly ties with the following nations:


 * Qing Empire